While shamans often enter a trance state during their practices, not all rituals require this as a mandatory condition, and many tasks can be performed in a normal state of consciousness. When altered consciousness is necessary, a shaman can utilize various methods to enter an ecstatic trance. In this state, a shaman can acquire the abilities of the spirits, gain clairvoyance, and journey to the spirit world. Typically, multiple techniques are combined in rituals to enhance the overall effect.
The environment and presentation of the ritual are crucial to its effectiveness. Conducting the ritual at night aids in entering a trance, as many spirits are believed to be more powerful during this time. During the ritual, participants can assist the shaman by echoing parts of his song, beating drums, or chanting in rhythm. Circular dances can also amplify the energy and provide the shaman with an impulse to facilitate his journey to the spirit world.
One of the most effective methods of inducing a trance state is through rhythmic drumming on a shamanic drum. Research has shown that repetitive rhythms with a specific frequency can induce a hypnotic state similar to a shamanic trance. The drumbeat should have a fluctuating rhythm, gradually increasing and decreasing in frequency, and varying in intensity depending on the shaman’s state of consciousness. Siberian tribal drums produce a deep resonating sound that resonates through the body, often held near the face or above the head to intensify the vibrations.
The construction and decoration of the shaman’s drum are guided by special dreams. Before beginning work on the drum, the shaman must refrain from sexual contact for several days and cleanse themselves. Experienced shamans may have multiple drums, with one being burned along with them upon death to aid the soul in its journey to the heavens.
In preparation for the ritual, shamans often consume alcohol and take tobacco breaks. In some regions, juniper smoke is used as a mild hallucinogen, creating a dense atmosphere in the yurt. Stronger hallucinogens such as muscarine, found in certain mushrooms, may also be used by shamans to achieve an ecstatic state.
Another method of reaching ecstasy is by symbolically climbing the World Tree, representing a journey beyond this world into the realm of spirits. As the shaman ascends the tree, the singing, drumming, and shouts of the participants bring them into an ecstatic trance. Throat singing and overtone singing can also demonstrate contact with the spirit world, with the overtones serving as proof of the shaman’s connection while their physical body remains on earth.
Learn all about Siberian shamanism on Ahamkara
