In Siberian shamanism, the main deities are Tengri “Father Sky” and Gazar Ee “Mother Earth”. Tengri is revered by the people as the eternal, infinite blue sky. He is not in human form, although it is believed that he has 2 sons. The worship of Father Sky and Mother Earth is a common practice among the Siberian peoples and is also present in many Native American tribes.

Weather is seen as a reflection of Tengri’s personality. He creates and maintains balance in the world, with natural weather changes like the seasons being attributed to him. Lightning is viewed as a manifestation of Tengri’s anger or a sign of high spiritual energies. Shamans perform rituals around places struck by lightning to send the energy back to the heavens. Objects struck by lightning, meteorites, and ancient artifacts are known as Tengerin Us, containing a spirit called “utha” which holds concentrated heavenly energy. These objects can be placed in liquids for shamans to ingest during ceremonies.

All shamanic rituals begin with invocations to Father Sky, Mother Earth, and the ancestors. Individuals are expected to acknowledge Tengri in their daily lives, offering prayers and gifts to him regularly. Women are required to keep their homes and kitchen utensils clean as a sign of respect to Tengri. During holidays and sacrificial rituals to mountain spirits, offerings are made to Father Heaven. In times of need, people can directly appeal to Tengri for assistance, though shamans are typically called upon to restore balance in times of crisis.

Ceremonies summoning rain are conducted in temples dedicated to Tengri and mountain spirits, where prayers and sacrifices are offered. Everyone has the right to seek Tengri’s help, but only shamans can restore the connection between individuals and the divine during times of imbalance or disaster.

Learn all about Siberian shamanism on Ahamkara